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- MEDICINE, Page 82Mighty Mice
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- To study AIDS, scientists give rodents a touch of humanity
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- They may not look as strange as a Minotaur or a mermaid, but
- some of the mice used in today's research labs are every bit as
- wondrous as those mythical combinations of animals and humans.
- In 1988 two California immunologists announced that they had
- transplanted human immune-system tissues and cells into mice,
- causing the rodents to manufacture human antibodies and certain
- types of white blood cells. Since that pioneering effort,
- "humanized" mice have become invaluable research tools,
- particularly in the fight against AIDS and other viral diseases.
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- New experiments indicate that tissues from many different
- human organs can be put into mice, which should eventually
- enable researchers to use the animals for studying a variety of
- ailments. "The implications are really extraordinary," says
- Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and
- Infectious Diseases.
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- In a typical project using the method devised by Dr. J.
- Michael McCune of San Francisco General Hospital, researchers
- take segments of tissue the size of rice grains from the liver,
- thymus and lymph nodes of an aborted human fetus and implant
- these cells under the kidneys of mice. (The strain of mouse used
- lacks an immune system and thus does not reject the foreign
- tissue.) Within a month or two, the tiny clusters of
- transplanted cells begin to function like miniature human organs
- and produce immune-system cells. Since the AIDS virus attacks
- such cells, the mice can be infected with the disease. This
- enables researchers to study how AIDS progresses and to test
- potential drug treatments.
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- In other research, scientists are equipping mice with
- snippets taken from a human lung, intestine or pancreas. "I
- think we could grow and study just about any organ in the
- mouse," says McCune. "It's just a matter of finding the place
- to grow it."
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